17th+Century+History

toc =Overview= During the seventeenth century, changes were occurring all over the world. Music, art, literature, religious beliefs, power, and even clothing were beginning to morph into what we know them as today. Affairs as civilization knew them would never be the same after this all-important era. At the time of these changes, many wars were occurring, fought between religions and beliefs. Technology, also, was undergoing changes and discoveries. Transportation was evolving with the help of machines such as the steam engines and submarines, and scientific views were changed along with the invention of the telescope.Artistic styles were being influenced by new ideas such as movement and the joys in life, while literature Christians were predominant in this era, enjoying power and wealth over other religious groups. Significant events were occurring left and right during his century, too, such as king Charles I’s removal from the English throne. Leaders in this era were also very influential on the world. Men such as Louis XIV were leading the world through prosperous times. Times like these are the ones that change the world. They provide civilization with building blocks for evolution and ways to better the planet. What can be taken from this era is worth its figurative weight in gold.

Wars


Many wars were fought in the 17th century all over the world for many reasons, but especially religion. Some were minor battles, and some lasting for 23 years. Here are some key wars that occurred in this time period that have the most impact on the world. The first war is the [|Eighty Years War] . This war didn’t literally last for 80 years, but it still made a large impact. This war occurred when Europe was split in half between the [|Lutherans] and the Christians. They fought each other for seven years until it ended with a truce by the [|United Provinces]  and Spain. The next war was known as [|The English Civil War]. It occurred in 1641 and was fought in England. This was the first civil war in England, and was fought between [|Royalists] <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> and <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|Parliamentarians] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">. The people who supported King Charles disagreed with the supporters of Parliament, which led to fighting with King Charles II, and supporters of the <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|Rump] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Parliament <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> The <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">war ended with Parliament winning at the   <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|Battle of Worcester]  <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> in 1653. <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">The next war occurred in 1652, and was known as the     <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|Anglo Dutch War] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">. This was a war fought over trade between the navies of the     <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|Commonwealth of England]   <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. When the English started attacking the Dutch merchant shipping, the war had began. They gained control of the Seas around England, forcing the Dutch to accept an English monopoly on trade with England and English Colonies. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">The last war we will talk about is known as    <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">[|The Battle of Vienna]    <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">, which is the capital of Austria. <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">This war was in <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> 1683 and was <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> fought by people who wanted to bring down the Muslims. <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">They <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> were worried that if they kept growing they would have too much power. If this battle didn’t occur there would be no Christianity in that area. In conclusion, almost all of the wars, of which only a fraction were named, during the 1600's were due to disagreements among religion. as well as for many other reasons.

<span class="wiki_link">Technology
In the 1600’s, we made some exciting discoveries as far as technology goes. One example of a new piece of technology we discovered is the Steam Engine. In 1696, Thomas Savery proliferated the steam engine which made it that a machine could make things like clothes and help boats to function. Another example is in 1620 the first submarine was invented. Another important even was when the Printing Press came to America in 1638. The Printing Press was a major key event in technology because it changed the way that people herd about stuff because now Americans could read about current news. Also, when Galileo invented the Telescope in 1608, views on science were changed. The telescope made people think about what the universe was really like. One las important event was when Hans Lippershy invented the first refracting telescope. For all of these amazing new inventions, there had to be smart inventers.

In the 17th century there were many inventions that were important. Conelius Drebbel invented the first human powered submarine in 1620. This was important because this helped people explore the ocean and learn more. Also leading to more ideas and other inventions based off of this. Another invention was discovery of blood transfusions. Jean-Baptiste Denys discovered this. This was important because up to this point people would die because they couldn’t get new blood, so with blood transfusions they could help people get well. One other invention that was important was the invention of the barometer. This was important because it helped scientists measure the atmospheric pressure. All of these new pieces of technology helped show the relationship between society<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">.

=Artisans=

The 17th century was a period for cultural revolution. Many new styles emerged during this [|Elizabethan Era], styles that we still know and are fascinated by today. Writers, musicians, and especially artists were becoming increasingly popular, and we wouldn’t be where we are today if they hadn’t. Writers in this time period gained inspiration from many before them, and their peers. [|Shakespeare] was still writing during this century, and he became one of the most famous writers ever to live. Play writes all over the world idolized him, and many plays and novels are based off his unique style. Other writers in this time period included Saikaku Ihara and [|Marie La Fayette]. Saikaku Ihara was a poet and novelist who is considered to be one of the greatest in the history of [|Japanese] literature. He wrote beautiful [|Haikus] at an alarming speed, and chose uncommon subjects for his artfully written novels. Marie La Fayette was a Frenchwoman who published three novels anonymously, which “opened a new era in the history of the novels”. Artists who lived in this era were discovering many new styles that are beloved by people all over the world. The most well known in this period is most definitely [|Rembrandt van Rijn]. He became increasingly popular for his [|Italian] style paintings, and took numerous students, many of who became famous. [|Gian Lorenzo Bernini]was another well-known Italian artist and architect of the 17th century. He was especially famous for the creation of the colonnade enclosing the piazza before [|St. Peters in Rome]. Other artists that were worth taking note of in this time period were Karin Ogata, who was a Japanese bedroom designer, [|Andre LeNotre], a [|French] landscaper, and Jan [|Vermeer van Delft], a French painter. Many musicians in this time period were becoming well known for unique styles that were emerging in this era, the most influential being the Baroque style. Among these artisans was [|Paul Gerhardt], a German hymn writer, was native born German [|Joachim Neander], who also became a teacher later in life. Among other musicians who hailed from [|Germany] is[|Johann Pachelbel], whose [|Canon] is played at many traditional weddings all over the world. This period of cultural evolution of art will be forever remembered and beloved all over the world. back to top

<span class="wiki_link">Life Style
The 17th century, also known as the 1600's, was the most eventful time throughout the world. The daily life of the average person had changed significantly from the previous year. During this time period, there was a huge gap in the [|social class]. There was no middle class, only weathy and poor. In the early 1600's, the wealthy wore large ruff, [|lace collars], and wide hats. Men were seen with high boots on, shirts, powdered wigs and [|jerkins], while the women wore gowns and petticoats. On the other hand, the poor dressed blandly with simple cotton clothing. The poor men would wear stockings and colorless shirts, and the women wore plain dresses. As decades went by, clothing throughout the world gradually grew looser and more comfortable, especially mens' clothing. Throughout England, the powers of the country were held by the [|Christians]. Other religions, mainly the [|Puritans],were shunned from civilization. The ones who decided to leave the country, instead of fighting, decided to move toNorth America where they started a new life. The ones who decided to fight gathered thousands of people, and started the [|English Civil War]. For the rich Christians who still lived in Europe, town houses were turned into very elegant homes. Timber framed mansions, mainly constructed of oak, were also a popular home for the rich. Thepoor were left to live in ugly, bland log cabins. Some famous and beautiful buildings, such as the [|Taj Mahal]and St. Paul's Cathedral in 1675, were built during this century.

Again, the wealthy were the ones to enjoy life. They adored sugar, an extremely expensive food at the time, with their tea and coffee. As a result, many Caribbean slaves worked in terrible conditions to produce sugar. Many famous and weathy artists enjoyed such drinks. The [|Baroque] art period, which took place during the 17th century, was an extremely cultural timeframe in world history. In conclusion, the 17th century was an eventful time in history in which only rich Christians had power to change their country, as well as the world.

<span class="wiki_link">Significant Events
Significant Events of the 17th Century



There were a lot of significant events that happened in the 17th century from scientific institutions being founded to reuniting Japan. [|Tokugawa Ieyasu] was a Japanese military leader or shogun. In 1605 Ieyasu defeated all the other shoguns in Japan. In the process he reunited Japan. This was very important in history because if he hadn't reunited Japan they would still be fighting. In 1606 there was a peace treaty between the Turks and Austrians. This was signed at Zsitva Torok. This was a significant event because this put an end to Fifteen Years’ War. The war was between the Ottoman Empire and the [|Habsburg Monarchy]. They signed the treaty on November 11, 1606. Next in 1617 [|Ferdinand II] became King of Bohemia. Ferdinand was significant because he was a very devout Catholic. He got recognition as King of Bohemia. He also was recognized because of suppression of [|Protestantism] causing the early events of the [|Thirty Years’ War.] In 1642 religious and political issues led to rebellions. In England [|Parliament] rebelled. Queen [|Elizabeth I]was [|Catholic].The majority of English citizens were [|Protestant]. They thought that she would make the country a Catholic country so Parliament rebelled and overthrew the king ([|Charles I]). After that the king was no longer in power and the country stayed a Protestant country. In 1644 there was a new ruling in China. This was very important because Manchu was allowing more trade with Europe. If they had more export and import partners it would help get more money and possibly start alliances with European countries. Another significant event of the 17th century occurred in 1647. In 1647 the [|Treaty of Ulm] was made. This was made after France and Sweden invaded Bavaria during the [|Thirty Years’ War.] This was signed by France, Sweden, and Bavaria on March 14, 1647. One of the later significant events was in 1659. In 1659 the [|Treaty of Pyrenees] between Spain and France was made. This treaty ended the war that began in 1635 in the Thirty Years’ War. This treaty was signed on [|Pheasant Island]. Pheasant Island is a river island that borders both countries. From 1657 to 1666 there were scientific institutions founded all over the world. They were found in Florence, Italy (1657), London, England ([|Royal Society] 1660), and Paris, France (1666). This was a very important event because scientists were coming together to talk. When many scientists come together they discuss former and new discoveries and this is important because they can build on these ideas and hypotheses. Many heads are always better than one. This would lead to a lot of scientific advances in these parts of the world. These are only some of the important facts and interesting things that happened in the 17th century.



<span style="color: rgb(20, 45, 184)">LEADERS
During the seventeenth century, three major leaders that had impacts on the world were Blaise Pascal, Louise XIV, and Henry Hudson. These three men had different characteristics and histories that make them so well-known. Blaise Pascal, who lived from 1623 to 1662, was a French philosopher as well as a mathematician and scientist. He created many important inventions such as the calculating machine, barometer, and the syringe. Pascal’s Law was “the principle that a liquid in a vessel carries pressure in all directions.” Louis XIV lived from 1638 to 1715. He was French and a king. Mostly everyone referred to him as Grand Monarch. Louis XIV was son of Louis XIII. He had a seventy- two year reign which was the longest reign that was associated with great French culture. In 1661 Louis XIV became responsible for the government, this was a very big and strain full responsibility. Lastly there was Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton was many different things he was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. This man also published a book. It was called Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. He also studied speed and worked on improving the scientific revolution. Isaac Newton was closing related to science things for example the scientific revolution, and his own theory about gravity. K’ang His was a Chinese Emperor from 1654 to 1722 and was concerned about the yellow river flooding, Grand Canal need to be repaired, and education. Also Peter I the Great was from 1672 and he was very supportive of the study of mathematics and geology between the ages of ten and fifteen. All of these men had great things in their life and some related to science in more ways than others.

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